Green nanotechnology has led to a paradigm change in the synthesis of functional nanomaterials, utilizing sustainable and environmentally friendly methods based on green chemistry. Synthesis of green nanoparticles (GNPs) with the use of biological systems, e. g., plants, bacteria, or agricultural waste, has drawn considerable attention because of the biocompatibility, low toxicity, and environmental benignity of GNPs. In this review, recent progress in the green synthesis of nanoparticles via plant extracts, microbes, and biomaterials is reviewed with a focus on metal-based nanostructures. We finally discuss some current challenges, regulatory issues, and the future research directions for integrating green nanotechnology in modern agricultural systems. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and regulatory issues, as well as future research directions, for integrating green nanotechnology into modern agricultural systems.

Green synthesis, nanoparticles, sustainable agriculture, nanofertilizers, agro-nanotechnology, biogenic nanoparticles.