Background Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with rising global prevalence, often leading to complications like diabetic neuropathy. Affecting nearly half of T2DM patients, neuropathy increases the risk of ulcers and amputations. Early detection is vital but limited in low-resource settings due to the high cost of nerve conduction studies (NCS). Introduction HbA1c is a reliable marker of long-term glycaemic control and has been linked to neuropathy risk. This study explores the correlation between HbA1c levels, Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS), and NCS findings in symptomatic T2DM patients. Establishing this link could aid early, cost-effective neuropathy screening where NCS access is limited. Methodology Patients with neuropathic symptoms were recruited from the IPD and OPD of the Medicine Department at Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College after obtaining informed consent. Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS) and HbA1c levels were assessed, followed by nerve conduction studies (NCS) to confirm diabetic neuropathy. The collected data were recorded in a master chart and statistically analyzed. Results The study included 60 symptomatic T2DM patients with a mean age of 57.7 years and average diabetes duration of 16.58 years. The mean HbA1c was 8.17%, and the average NDS was 9.0, indicating significant neuropathy. A strong positive correlation was found between HbA1c and NDS (r = 0.842, p = 0.001), suggesting that poor glycaemic control is linked to increased neuropathy severity. Additionally, NDS showed perfect concordance with NCS findings (r = 1.000, p = 0.000), confirming its diagnostic reliability. The gender distribution was nearly equal, and most patients were on oral hypoglycaemic agents without systemic illness. Nutritional status varied, with both under- and over-nutrition noted as potential modifiers of neuropathy risk. Conclusion The study found a strong positive correlation between HbA1c and Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS), indicating that higher blood sugar levels are linked to more severe neuropathy in T2DM patients. A perfect correlation between NDS and Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) further validated NDS as a reliable screening tool. All patients with abnormal NDS had corresponding NCV abnormalities. These results highlight the utility of HbA1c and NDS as effective, low-cost tools for early detection of diabetic neuropathy.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Diabetic Neuropathy, HbA1c, Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS), Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV), Glycaemic Control, Peripheral Neuropathy.