Background: Anemia is a common but often overlooked complication of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although it is frequently associated with diabetic nephropathy, anemia may also occur in patients with normal renal function due to chronic inflammation, impaired erythropoietin response, nutritional deficiencies, and oxidative stress. Early detection of anemia in such patients may help reduce morbidity and improve overall disease management. Aim: To determine the prevalence of anemia among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus without renal dysfunction and to evaluate its association with glycemic control as assessed by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (MMIMSR), Mullana, Haryana, from November 2024 to November 2025. A total of 100 adult patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal renal function were enrolled. Demographic details, clinical characteristics, laboratory investigations, and glycemic parameters were recorded. Anemia was diagnosed according to World Health Organization criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 36%, with mild anemia being the most common subtype (55.6%). Higher HbA1c levels showed a significant association with anemia (p=0.01). Increasing age (p=0.03), female gender (p=0.04), lower socioeconomic status (p=0.04), hypertension (p=0.03), sedentary lifestyle (p=0.04), elevated fasting blood glucose (p=0.03), and elevated postprandial blood glucose (p=0.02) were also significantly associated with anemia. Patients with anemia had significantly lower hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, serum ferritin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, vitamin B12, folic acid, albumin, and HDL cholesterol compared with non-anemic patients (p<0.05), while renal function remained normal. Conclusion: Anemia is a frequent complication in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus even in the absence of renal dysfunction and is significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Routine screening for anemia and timely evaluation of hematological and nutritional parameters should be incorporated into the standard care of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus to enable early intervention and improve clinical outcomes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Anemia; Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c); Renal dysfunction; Glycemic control; Hemoglobin; Iron profile.