Background: Chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, represent a growing global health challenge. Oxidative stress and inflammation are recognized as central mechanisms in the pathophysiology of these diseases. This study investigates the role of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of disease severity in patients with CVD, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: To evaluate the levels of oxidative stress markers (MDA, 8-iso-PGF2α, oxLDL) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) in patients with chronic diseases and assess their correlation with disease severity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 100 participants (50 patients from each disease group: CVD, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases) and 50 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected, and levels of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines were measured using ELISA and TBARS assays. Clinical measures of disease severity (blood pressure, blood glucose, cognitive function) were also recorded. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation. Results: Oxidative stress markers (MDA, 8-iso-PGF2α, oxLDL) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) were significantly elevated in the disease groups compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between these biomarkers and disease severity indicators, such as blood pressure and glucose levels. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory interventions led to significant reductions in these biomarkers and improvements in clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Oxidative stress and inflammation are key contributors to the progression of chronic diseases. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation can serve as predictive tools for disease monitoring and therapeutic targeting in chronic disease management.

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