BACKGROUND Non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) remains a major barrier to effective tuberculosis (TB) control, contributing to treatment failure and drug resistance. Identifying the magnitude and determinants of non-adherence is essential for improving treatment outcomes. METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 65 TB patients receiving ATT under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme at Dr. Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, from April 2024 to March 2025. Data were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and relevant treatment records. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 44.6 ± 12.8 years, with 61.5% males. The prevalence of non-adherence was 21.5%. Non-adherence was significantly higher among patients with lower educational status (p=0.04), lower socioeconomic class (p=0.03), substance use (p=0.01), presence of drug side effects (p=0.005), and poor family support (p=0.01). Higher non-adherence was observed among patients in the intensive phase of treatment and those residing farther from the health facility, though these associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Non-adherence to ATT remains a significant concern and is influenced by multiple socio-demographic, behavioral, and treatment-related factors. Strengthening patient education, managing drug side effects, and improving social support systems are essential to enhance adherence and treatment outcomes.

Tuberculosis, Non-adherence, Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment, Determinants, NTEP