Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with several neonatal complications including macrosomia, hypoglycemia, respiratory morbidity, and increased neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions. Objectives: To prospectively assess neonatal outcomes in infants born to mothers diagnosed with GDM at a tertiary care center. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and the affiliated Neonatology unit of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 250 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were enrolled. Primary neonatal outcomes included birth weight, incidence of macrosomia (>4000 g), neonatal hypoglycemia, NICU admission, respiratory distress (RDS/TTN), and mode of delivery. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests for categorical variables, and t-tests for continuous variables; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean birth weight was 3305 g; macrosomia was observed in 15.2% (38/250) of neonates; neonatal hypoglycemia 12.0% (30/250); NICU admission 18.0% (45/250); respiratory distress 6.0% (15/250); cesarean delivery 45.2% (113/250). A summary table and a bar-chart of key outcomes are included. Conclusions: Infants born to mothers with GDM remain at elevated risk for macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, NICU admission and increased cesarean delivery rates. Early identification and optimized maternal glycemic control are essential to reduce neonatal morbidity.

Gestational diabetes mellitus, neonatal outcomes, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, NICU admission