Objectives: The esophagus is susceptible to a variety of lesions, ranging from benign inflammatory conditions to malignant tumors. This study aims to analyze the clinicopathological features and determine the frequency of different esophageal lesions. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at GMC Jammu. A total of 200 cases were reviewed, including esophageal biopsies and resected specimens. The histopathological requisition forms, slides, and blocks were retrieved and analyzed. A quantitative data analysis was performed to assess the prevalence and nature of esophageal lesions. Results: The most common finding was esophagitis (50%). Malignancy constituted 32% of the cases, with squamous cell carcinoma (24%) being more prevalent than adenocarcinoma (8%). The majority of malignancies were observed in patients above 40 years of age. Precursor lesions were detected in 10 cases (5%). Histopathological examination increased the diagnostic yield of precursor lesions by 3%. Conclusion: Although endoscopic evaluation is invaluable, histopathological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosing esophageal lesions. Routine biopsy analysis is recommended for early detection of malignant and pre-malignant conditions.

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