Background Uveitis is an important cause of ocular morbidity and visual impairment worldwide. The epidemiological pattern and etiological spectrum of uveitis vary across different geographic regions due to differences in environmental, infectious, and genetic factors. Understanding the regional distribution of uveitis helps in early diagnosis, appropriate management, and prevention of complications. Aim To study the epidemiological and etiological profile of uveitis among patients attending a tertiary eye care centre in Southern Rajasthan. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology at a tertiary care centre in Southern Rajasthan over a period of 18 months. A total of 140 patients diagnosed with uveitis were included in the study. Detailed clinical history, ophthalmic examination, and relevant laboratory investigations were performed to determine the anatomical classification, etiology, clinical course, laterality, and pathological type of uveitis. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results A total of 140 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 40.64 years. The highest number of cases were observed in patients aged less than 30 years (28.5%). Males constituted 52.14% of the cases while females accounted for 47.85%, showing slight male predominance. Anterior uveitis was the most common anatomical type (75%), followed by posterior uveitis (22.14%), while intermediate uveitis and panuveitis each accounted for 1.43% of cases. Etiologically, idiopathic uveitis was the most common (46.43%), followed by infective causes (30%) and immune-related causes (20%). Chronic presentation was the most frequent clinical course (69 cases). Bilateral involvement was more common (86 cases) compared to unilateral disease (54 cases). Non-granulomatous uveitis (94 cases) was more frequent than granulomatous uveitis (46 cases). Conclusion Anterior uveitis was the most common anatomical type observed in the present study. Idiopathic and infective etiologies constituted the majority of cases. The findings highlight the importance of detailed clinical evaluation and appropriate investigations to identify the underlying cause of uveitis for effective management and prevention of vision-threatening complications.

Uveitis, Epidemiology, Etiology, Anterior uveitis, Ocular inflammation, Southern Rajasthan.