Background: Asprosin, a fasting-induced adipokine, plays a significant role in glucose homeostasis and appetite regulation. Emerging evidence suggests that its dysregulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, particularly prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, comparative data on circulating asprosin levels across glycemic states remain limited. Objective: To evaluate and compare serum asprosin concentrations among normoglycemic, prediabetic, and type 2 diabetic individuals, and to investigate its association with metabolic and cardiovascular risk parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 440 adult participants categorized into three groups: normoglycemic controls (n=80), prediabetic subjects (n=200), and patients with T2DM (n=160). Fasting blood samples were analyzed for serum asprosin levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), along with measurements of fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin, lipid profile, and anthropometric parameters. Insulin resistance was estimated using the HOMA-IR index. Statistical analysis involved ANOVA and correlation tests to assess group differences and associations. Results: Mean serum asprosin levels were significantly elevated in the T2DM group (18.86 ± 7.45ng/mL) compared to both prediabetic (9.4 ± 2.21 ng/mL) and normoglycemic individuals (5.8 ± 1.3 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). Prediabetic subjects also showed significantly higher asprosin levels than controls (p < 0.01). A positive correlation was observed between asprosin and fasting glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, BMI, hs-CRP and TyG Index. A negative correlation was observed between Asprosin and HDL in diabetes Mellitus. Conclusion: Result of this study suggests that asprosin concentrations are progressively dysregulated from normoglycemia to prediabetes and overt T2DM, implicating its potential as an early biomarker for metabolic deterioration. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate its causal role in glucose dysregulation and its utility in diabetes risk stratification.

Asprosin, prediabetes, cardiovascular risk, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis