The ongoing global transition toward sustainable energy solutions has amplified the need for efficient, decentralized power systems, particularly in remote and underserved rural areas. This study presents a comprehensive survey and analytical review of hybrid microgrid systems integrating biomass and solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies for rural electrification. Emphasis is placed on the feasibility, architecture, control strategies, and performance metrics of such hybrid systems, considering the challenges of intermittency, demand fluctuation, and environmental factors. Through detailed energy modeling, system sizing, and survey-based load profiling, the study identifies optimal configurations that balance cost, reliability, and sustainability. The inclusion of control and optimization strategies, such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and energy management systems (EMS), enhances the operational efficiency and autonomy of the microgrid. Comparative analysis of existing deployments across different geographies, including India and parts of Africa, highlights the socio-economic and technical viability of such systems. The findings underscore the potential of biomass + solar PV hybrid microgrids as a transformative solution to bridge the rural energy divide and support long-term development goals.

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