Background: Vitamin D deficiency has emerged as a significant public health challenge in India, particularly among the female population. Epidemiological evidence suggests that deficiency rates may exceed 70–80% in certain sub-populations of Indian women, including adolescent girls and women of reproductive age. The consequences of uncorrected Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy are grave — encompassing adverse maternal and foetal outcomes — and yet systematic, site-specific data from the eastern districts of West Bengal remain scarce. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among the girl population attending a tertiary care centre of Purba Medinipur, West Bengal; to identify the associated socio-demographic and lifestyle risk factors; to examine the relationship between Vitamin D status and pregnancy outcomes; and to describe the clinical management protocol adopted at the study site. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 76 purposively sampled female participants (aged 12–45 years) at the outpatient and antenatal departments of the tertiary care centre, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, during January 2024 to September 2024. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were estimated by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA). Deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL, insufficiency as 20–29 ng/mL, and sufficiency as ≥ 30 ng/mL. Socio-demographic data, dietary habits, sun-exposure practices, and reproductive history were collected through a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Logistic regression and Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were computed using SPSS v.26.0. Results: The overall prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency was 63.2% (n=48), insufficiency was found in 22.4% (n=17), and only 14.5% (n=11) had sufficient levels. The mean serum 25(OH)D was 16.8 ± 7.4 ng/mL. Significant risk factors included indoor occupation (OR = 4.12; 95% CI: 1.78–9.54), daily sun-exposure < 30 minutes (OR = 3.67; 95% CI: 1.55–8.69), consumption of non-vegetarian diet < 3 times/week (OR = 2.94; 95% CI: 1.24–6.96), use of full-body covering garments (OR = 3.21; 95% CI: 1.34–7.68), and monthly per-capita income < ₹5,000 (OR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.19–6.51). Among 28 pregnant women, 75% (n=21) were Vitamin D deficient, with significant associations with gestational hypertension, low birth weight risk, and preterm labour. Clinical management included therapeutic supplementation of Vitamin D3 at 60,000 IU weekly for 8–12 weeks, followed by maintenance therapy. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among the girl population in Purba Medinipur, West Bengal. The condition disproportionately affects pregnant women and those from low socio-economic strata with minimal sun exposure. Structured supplementation programmes, dietary counselling, and public health education campaigns are urgently warranted.

Vitamin D deficiency, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Indian girl population, pregnancy outcomes, risk factors, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, cross-sectional study, supplementation.