Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and well-recognised microvascular complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). A growing body of evidence suggests that the presence of diabetic retinopathy may reflect a broader systemic microvascular and macrovascular disease burden, including coronary artery disease (CAD). However, data from Eastern India — particularly West Bengal — remain sparse. This study was conducted to evaluate whether the presence of diabetic retinopathy is significantly associated with coronary artery disease in patients with T2DM attending a tertiary care centre. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and coronary artery disease amongst T2DM patients and to assess the association between the two conditions. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre of West Bengal, enrolling 76 patients with confirmed T2DM over a period of six months. Fundus examination and relevant cardiac investigations (ECG, echocardiography, treadmill test) were performed. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Results: Of 76 patients, diabetic retinopathy was found in 38 (50%) patients and coronary artery disease was detected in 24 (31.6%) patients. A statistically significant association was found between diabetic retinopathy and coronary artery disease (p < 0.05). Longer duration of diabetes, poor glycaemic control (HbA1c > 8%), and hypertension were significant associated risk factors. Conclusion: The presence of diabetic retinopathy is a strong indicator of underlying or co-existing coronary artery disease in Type 2 diabetic patients. Routine ophthalmological screening alongside cardiac evaluation should be considered as a standard protocol in tertiary care settings.

Diabetic Retinopathy, Coronary Artery Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Microvascular Complications, West Bengal, Cross-sectional Study