Background: The progression and prognosis of colon cancer are influenced by the expression of various tissue biomarkers. Understanding these biomarkers' roles at different disease stages can aid in improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the expression patterns of key biomarkers in different stages of colon cancer and assess their correlation with clinical outcomes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, tissue samples from 80 patients with colon cancer were examined. The expression levels of five biomarkers—carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), KRAS, p53, microRNA, and DNA methylation—were measured and analyzed. Statistical methods included calculating mean, standard deviation, confidence intervals, and p-values to compare expression levels across early and advanced disease stages and correlate these with clinical outcomes. Results: Significant variations in biomarker expression were observed across different stages of colon cancer. CEA and p53 showed increased expression in advanced stages compared to early stages, with p-values of 0.015 and 0.021, respectively. KRAS showed minimal stage-dependent variation but was still statistically significant (p=0.040). MicroRNA and DNA methylation also demonstrated significant differential expression with implications for disease progression and patient management. Correlation analyses indicated significant associations between these biomarkers' expression levels and patient outcomes, particularly for p53 and DNA methylation. Conclusions: The differential expression of biomarkers like CEA and p53 across colon cancer stages suggests their potential utility in stage-specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Further longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings and fully harness the prognostic and therapeutic implications of biomarker profiling in colon cancer.

Colon Cancer, Biomarker Expression, Tissue Analysis