Background: The mode of delivery plays a crucial role in determining maternal and fetal outcomes. With the rising trend of cesarean section rates worldwide, it is essential to evaluate and compare the outcomes associated with normal vaginal delivery and cesarean section, particularly in tertiary care settings where high-risk pregnancies are frequently managed. Aim: To compare maternal and fetal outcomes in normal vaginal delivery and cesarean section at a tertiary care center. Objectives: To assess maternal outcomes associated with normal vaginal delivery and cesarean section. To evaluate fetal outcomes in both modes of delivery. To compare complications and overall outcomes between vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 pregnant women admitted for delivery at a tertiary care hospital. Participants were divided into two groups: normal vaginal delivery (n=72) and cesarean section (n=68). Data were collected using a structured proforma, including demographic details, obstetric history, maternal outcomes (blood loss, complications, hospital stay), and fetal outcomes (birth weight, APGAR score, NICU admission). Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate tests such as chi-square test and Student’s t test, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups except for previous LSCS, which was significantly higher in the cesarean group (p=0.001). Maternal outcomes such as blood loss and duration of hospital stay were significantly higher in the cesarean section group (p<0.001). Wound infection and delayed maternal recovery were also significantly more common in the cesarean group. Fetal outcomes showed significantly better APGAR scores and lower NICU admission rates in the vaginal delivery group. Respiratory distress was significantly higher in the cesarean group (p=0.013). Overall maternal and fetal complications were significantly higher in the cesarean section group, whereas favorable outcomes were more commonly observed in the vaginal delivery group. Conclusion: Normal vaginal delivery is associated with better maternal recovery and neonatal outcomes compared to cesarean section. Cesarean section should be reserved for appropriate medical indications to minimize unnecessary complications and improve overall maternal and fetal health outcomes.

Normal Vaginal Delivery. Cesarean Section. Maternal and Fetal Outcomes