Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an emerging global health challenge, particularly in developing countries like India, where the burden of diabetes mellitus and hypertension is rapidly increasing. CKD is characterized by progressive and irreversible loss of renal function, often remaining asymptomatic until late stages, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure. The present hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 in the Department of General Medicine, Santosh Medical College & Hospital, Ghaziabad, to evaluate the prevalence and associated risk factors of CKD among adult patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 320 adult participants aged between 30 and 75 years were included. Detailed medical history, anthropometric data, and laboratory investigations including fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, lipid profile, and urine albumin were recorded. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula, and CKD was staged as per Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 guidelines. The overall prevalence of CKD among the study group was found to be 28.1%. Stage 3 CKD was the most prevalent (46% of CKD cases), followed by Stage 2 (33%) and Stage 4 (14%). The disease was significantly associated with poor glycemic control (HbA1c >8%), longer duration of diabetes and hypertension (>10 years), obesity, dyslipidemia, and smoking (p < 0.05). Microalbuminuria was observed in 56% of diabetic patients, highlighting early renal involvement. The study concludes that a substantial proportion of hypertensive and diabetic patients already have evidence of renal impairment at the time of diagnosis. Regular screening for renal function, effective blood pressure and glucose control, lifestyle modification, and patient education are essential to delay CKD progression and reduce its long-term complications.

Chronic Kidney Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, eGFR, Proteinuria, KDIGO 2012 Guidelines, Risk Factors, Microalbuminuria, Renal Impairment, Glycemic Control