Abdominal wound dehiscence is a serious postoperative complication following laparotomy, leading to increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and higher healthcare costs. Despite surgical advances, its incidence remains significant, particularly in resource-constrained settings. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics, associated risk factors, and outcomes of patients with abdominal wound dehiscence in a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over a 12-month period at a tertiary care center in Tamil Nadu. A total of 24 patients who developed abdominal wound dehiscence post-laparotomy were enrolled. Data were collected on demographics, type and indication of surgery, risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive methods due to the small sample size. Results: Among the 24 patients, the majority were male (70.8%) and aged above 40 years. Emergency surgeries accounted for 70.8% of cases, most commonly for perforation peritonitis (41.7%). Major risk factors identified included anemia (54.2%), hypoproteinemia (45.8%), and diabetes mellitus (41.7%). Dehiscence typically occurred between postoperative days 5–10, with 70.8% presenting as complete dehiscence (burst abdomen). Surgical site infection was the most common complication (75%). Secondary suturing was required in 83.3% of patients. The overall mortality rate was 8.3%. Conclusion: Abdominal wound dehiscence is multifactorial, with preventable causes such as poor nutritional status and infection playing a significant role. Early identification and timely intervention can improve patient outcomes. Region-specific strategies are essential in reducing the burden of this complication.

Abdominal wound dehiscence, burst abdomen, postoperative complications, risk factors, laparotomy